![]() Want to learn more? Explore the major concepts, places, cultures, and themes that Southwestern archaeologists are exploring today in our Introduction to Southwestern Archaeology. European settlers actually cleared out and reused many Hohokam canals hundreds of years later. There are more than 500 miles of documented canals in the region, representing the largest-scale irrigation in North America. Their vast canal networks include some canals more than 20 miles long. People in the Hohokam region employed massive-scale irrigation farming. ![]() Throughout their history, potters in the Hohokam region produced brown (in the Tucson Basin area) and buff (in the Phoenix Basin area) ware pottery, sometimes painted with geometric designs or life forms in red. The Hohokam, who inhabited the dry Sonoran desert of southern Arizona, were more or less ignored, even though they had by far the most advanced canal irrigation system in the New World. Gladwin and his associates, Haury and Sayles, were the first really to recognize a new and prac-tically unknown culture. Compound B at Casa Grande Ruins National Monument has two platform mounds. Culture', I was struck by Martins emphatic statements that 'The Hohokam culture, first recognized as a separate entity by Gladwin, Haury, and Sayles, thrived in southern Arizona,' and 'As stated earlier, Mr. Larger villages then had a different kind of central construction: large platform mounds, often with structures on top, that appear to have been the place for religious and political activities. Later in time, after about 1150 or 1200 CE, people in the Hohokam region began building their houses as aboveground compounds within a walled courtyard. ![]() People used these for gatherings and for a ball game that was probably similar to those played among Mesoamerican societies. Between about 8 CE, many villages also had large earthen constructions that archaeologists identify as ballcourts. Archaeologists find these dwellings in sets of three or four around small courtyards. CiaccioĮarly Hohokam settlements consist of clusters of shallow pithouses. Note the pithouse architecture and the decorated and undecorated pottery. This Hohokam community thrived in the northwest Tucson Basin. ![]() 1100s through 1400s, there were tens of thousands of Hohokam people living in large villages scattered throughout the Phoenix and Tucson basins. A more contemporary theory states that the Hohokam culture actually was composed of many different ethnic groups operating under a single cultural, economic and. At the cultural peak of the Hohokam in the Classic period of the A.D. The region has been inhabited in historical times by the Pima and the Tohono O'Odham, although it is not entirely clear that the Hohokam were ancestral to either group.People who resided in the Hohokam (ho-ho-kahm) region were among the ancestors of contemporary southern desert populations, such as the O’odham, as well as Pueblo populations and perhaps other populations in northern Mexico. The Hohokam represent one of the largest and most complex societies in the Southwest. Debate persists regarding the fate of the Hohokam. Most archaeologists agree, however, that Hohokam culture evolved from local archaic antecedents (see Americas, antiquity and prehistory of the). Evidence also shows that they maintained extensive trade connections with groups further south, leading to speculation that the Hohokam settlements were founded by Mesoamerican migrants. Many architectural features of Hohokam settlements, including sunken ball-courts and pyramidal mounds, bear striking similarities to structures common among contemporary populations in central Mexico. They are noted for their extensive irrigation systems, with canals over 10 mi (16 km) long that channeled water to agricultural fields in an otherwise arid and inhospitable environment. Hohokam (hōˈhōkămˌ, hōhōˈkəm), term denoting the culture of the ancient agricultural populations inhabiting the Salt and Gila river valleys of S Arizona (A.D.
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